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The Brain’s “What If” Engine: Why Counterfactuals Are Key to Human Intelligence

The Brain’s “What If” Engine: Why Counterfactuals Are Key to Human Intelligence

I’ve always been fascinated by the kinds of thoughts we don’t act on. In psychiatry, they shape regret, resilience, and rumination. In neuroscience, they reveal a deep truth about how the brain handles uncertainty. Every morning when I’m running...
PAPER ALERT: A New Model for Mediodorsal-Prefrontal Interactions

PAPER ALERT: A New Model for Mediodorsal-Prefrontal Interactions

In our ongoing quest to understand how the brain enables flexible cognition, the mediodorsal (MD) thalamus and its dialogue with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have emerged as central players. Following a series of modeling papers from our lab—including Wei-Long Zheng’s...