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The Brain’s “What If” Engine: Why Counterfactuals Are Key to Human Intelligence

The Brain’s “What If” Engine: Why Counterfactuals Are Key to Human Intelligence

I’ve always been fascinated by the kinds of thoughts we don’t act on. In psychiatry, they shape regret, resilience, and rumination. In neuroscience, they reveal a deep truth about how the brain handles uncertainty. Every morning when I’m running...
The Next Chapter of AI: Leveraging the Evolutionary Principles Powering Human Intelligence

The Next Chapter of AI: Leveraging the Evolutionary Principles Powering Human Intelligence

A mouse can explore a new environment, find food and adapt when the rules change, all using less energy than a lightbulb. Meanwhile, our most powerful computers can solve chess and master protein folding, but still can’t walk across a messy room without crashing into...
When the Brain’s Uncertainty computer goes offline: New Human Evidence for Thalamic Regulation of Decision-Making

When the Brain’s Uncertainty computer goes offline: New Human Evidence for Thalamic Regulation of Decision-Making

An Elegant Natural Experiment The study by Mackenzie et al. (2025, bioRxiv) represents a particularly clever approach to understanding human thalamic function. Rather than relying on correlational neuroimaging, the researchers capitalized on an unintended consequence...