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The Brain’s “What If” Engine: Why Counterfactuals Are Key to Human Intelligence

The Brain’s “What If” Engine: Why Counterfactuals Are Key to Human Intelligence

I’ve always been fascinated by the kinds of thoughts we don’t act on. In psychiatry, they shape regret, resilience, and rumination. In neuroscience, they reveal a deep truth about how the brain handles uncertainty. Every morning when I’m running...
The Next Chapter of AI: Leveraging the Evolutionary Principles Powering Human Intelligence

The Next Chapter of AI: Leveraging the Evolutionary Principles Powering Human Intelligence

A mouse can explore a new environment, find food and adapt when the rules change, all using less energy than a lightbulb. Meanwhile, our most powerful computers can solve chess and master protein folding, but still can’t walk across a messy room without crashing into...
PAPER ALERT: A New Model for Mediodorsal-Prefrontal Interactions

PAPER ALERT: A New Model for Mediodorsal-Prefrontal Interactions

In our ongoing quest to understand how the brain enables flexible cognition, the mediodorsal (MD) thalamus and its dialogue with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have emerged as central players. Following a series of modeling papers from our lab—including Wei-Long Zheng’s...